ABSTRACT
Debido al aislamiento social que se vivió gracias a la pandemia por Covid-19, las horas de convivencia familiar aumentaron en cada hogar, convirtiéndose en un potencial peligro cuando el entorno familiar más cercano está lleno de violencia; esto puede traer diversos problemas a la salud física, psicológica y emocional. Por ello, se buscó identificar los principales tipos de violencia familiar que han experimentado los jóvenes universitarios, distinguir entre las conductas externalizantes e internalizantes como consecuencia de estos eventos adversos, así como conocer la relación estadística entre las variables de estudio. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, alcance correlacional y con diseño no experimental transversal; la muestra final estuvo constituida por 374 estudiantes de tres universidades de Lima, Perú. Según los hallazgos, la violencia psicológica es la que se presenta con mayor frecuencia, la ansiedad-depresión y el retraimiento son las dos conductas más comunes y los índices de correlación entre las variables son positivos y significativos. Las mujeres presentan más puntaje en las conductas internalizantes, mientras que los varones en las externalizantes; así mismo, se encontró que los más jóvenes presentan más conductas externalizantes. Finalmente, se evidenció la existencia de violencia familiar en los hogares de los jóvenes universitarios, lo cual se ha traducido en diversos tipos de conducta que podrían afectar su salud y también su rendimiento académico.
Due to the social isolation that was experienced thanks to the Covid-19 pandemic, the hours of family life increased in each home, becoming a potential danger when the closest family environment is full of violence; this can bring various problems to physical, psychological and emotional health. Therefore, we sought to identify the main types of family violence that university students have experienced, distinguish between externalizing and internalizing behaviors as a consequence of these adverse events, as well as knowing the statistical relationship between the study variables. The research was a quantitative, correlational and a non-experimental cross-sectional design; the sample consisted of 374 students from three universities in Lima, Peru. According to the findings, psychological violence is the one that occurs most frequently, anxiety-depression and withdrawal are the two most common behaviors and the correlation rates between the variables are positive and significant. Women present higher scores in internalizing behaviors, while men in externalizing ones; Likewise, it was found that the youngest present more externalizing behaviors. The existence of family violence in the homes of university students was evidenced, which has resulted in various types of behavior that could affect their health and also their academic performance.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , AdultABSTRACT
Debido al aislamiento social que se vivió gracias a la pandemia por Covid-19, las horas de convivencia familiar aumentaron en cada hogar, convirtiéndose en un potencial peligro cuando el entorno familiar más cercano está lleno de violencia; esto puede traer diversos problemas a la salud física, psicológica y emocional. Por ello, se buscó identificar los principales tipos de violencia familiar que han experimentado los jóvenes universitarios, distinguir entre las conductas externalizantes e internalizantes como consecuencia de estos eventos adversos, así como conocer la relación estadística entre las variables de estudio. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, alcance correlacional y con diseño no experimental transversal; la muestra final estuvo constituida por 374 estudiantes de tres universidades de Lima, Perú. Según los hallazgos, la violencia psicológica es la que se presenta con mayor frecuencia, la ansiedad-depresión y el retraimiento son las dos conductas más comunes y los índices de correlación entre las variables son positivos y significativos. Las mujeres presentan más puntaje en las conductas internalizantes, mientras que los varones en las externalizantes; así mismo, se encontró que los más jóvenes presentan más conductas externalizantes. Finalmente, se evidenció la existencia de violencia familiar en los hogares de los jóvenes universitarios, lo cual se ha traducido en diversos tipos de conducta que podrían afectar su salud y también su rendimiento académico.
Due to the social isolation that was experienced thanks to the Covid-19 pandemic, the hours of family life increased in each home, becoming a potential danger when the closest family environment is full of violence; this can bring various problems to physical, psychological and emotional health. Therefore, we sought to identify the main types of family violence that university students have experienced, distinguish between externalizing and internalizing behaviors as a consequence of these adverse events, as well as knowing the statistical relationship between the study variables. The research was a quantitative, correlational and a non-experimental cross-sectional design; the sample consisted of 374 students from three universities in Lima, Peru. According to the findings, psychological violence is the one that occurs most frequently, anxiety-depression and withdrawal are the two most common behaviors and the correlation rates between the variables are positive and significant. Women present higher scores in internalizing behaviors, while men in externalizing ones; Likewise, it was found that the youngest present more externalizing behaviors. The existence of family violence in the homes of university students was evidenced, which has resulted in various types of behavior that could affect their health and also their academic performance.
Devido ao isolamento social vivido graças à pandemia de Covid-19, as horas de convívio em família aumentaram em cada casa, tornando-se um perigo potencial quando o ambiente familiar mais próximo está repleto de violência; isso pode trazer diversos problemas para a saúde física, psicológica e emocional. Assim, buscou-se identificar os principais tipos de violência familiar vivenciados por estudantes universitários, distinguir entre comportamentos externalizantes e internalizantes decorrentes desses eventos adversos, bem como conhecer a relação estatística entre as variáveis ââdo estudo. A pesquisa teve abordagem quantitativa, escopo correlacional e delineamento transversal não experimental; a amostra final foi composta por 374 estudantes de três universidades de Lima, Peru. De acordo com os achados, a violência psicológica é a que ocorre com maior frequência, ansiedade-depressão e retraimento são os dois comportamentos mais comuns e os índices de correlação entre as variáveis ââsão positivos e significativos. As mulheres têm pontuações mais altas nos comportamentos internalizantes, enquanto os homens nos externalizantes; Da mesma forma, verificou-se que os mais jovens apresentam mais comportamentos externalizantes. Por fim, evidenciou-se a existência de violência familiar nas residências de estudantes universitários, o que resultou em diversos tipos de comportamento que podem afetar sua saúde e também seu desempenho acadêmico.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effect of play-based communication and behavior intervention (PCBI) on internalizing and externalizing behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Methods:From November 2018 to November 2021, 90 ASD children aged 8-30 months who registered in the Child Mental Health Research Center of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University for PCBI ultra-early intervention training were selected and randomly assigned to the intervention group( n=60) and the waiting group( n=30) according to the ratio of 2∶1.Behavioral videos of free play between children and caregivers were collected before and after the 12-week intervention and the behavioral observation and analysis system (Observer XT) was used to code the parent-child interaction status and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors.SPSS 23.0 statistical software were used and the data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. Results:After the intervention, the children in the intervention group had improved internalizing and externalizing behaviors (2.43±2.22, 1.88±1.91) compared with those before the intervention (4.82±3.37, 3.68±5.68), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.66, 2.60, both P<0.05). The children in the waiting group had no significant difference in internalizing and externalizing behaviors before (4.23±2.47, 4.00±2.18) and after intervention (4.37±2.57, 4.67±3.72) ( t=-0.23, -0.83, both P>0.05). After intervention, the children in the intervention group had fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviors than those in the waiting group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.70, -4.71, both P<0.05). The differences in internalizing behaviors (2.38±3.96, 1.80±5.37) and externalizing behaviors (1.80±5.37, -0.67±4.38) between the two groups before and after the intervention were statistically significant ( t=3.03, 2.18, both P<0.05). The results of multiple linear stepwise regression showed that the negative interaction of caregivers ( β=0.29, P<0.01) was a risk factor for internalizing behaviors.The negative interaction of children ( β=0.45, P<0.01) was a risk factor for externalizing behaviors, and the child's object status ( β=-0.30, P<0.01) and binary interaction ( β=-0.39, P<0.01) were protective factors for externalizing behaviors.In the intervention group, active child interaction, active caregiver interaction, and binary interaction increased after the intervention ( t=-6.77, -4.58, -7.72, all P<0.05), while the child's object status and the caregiver's negative interaction decreased ( t=3.37, 4.30, both P<0.05). Conclusion:The PCBI ultra-early intervention can effectively improve the internalizing and externalizing behaviors of ASD children.Improvements in internalizing behaviors may work by reducing negative caregiver interactions, and improvements in externalizing behaviors may work by increasing parent-child binary interactions.
ABSTRACT
Resumen: La presencia de conductas externalizantes en la infancia tiene importantes grados de continuidad temporal futura, y es un factor de riesgo de fracaso y abandono escolar, de conductas delictuales, abuso y dependencia de sustancias, de conductas suicidas y de otros trastornos psicopatológicos del desarrollo. En esta revisión se analizan los principales aspectos relacionados con los programas de fortalecimiento de prácticas parentales como dispositivos útiles en el marco de estrategias multicomponentes de trabajo preventivo. La evidencia ha demostrado que la intervención dirigida a madres y padres es crucial en la modificación de problemas de conducta en niños/as, siendo el entrenamiento en habilidades parentales una de las estrategias mejor estudiadas y consideradas de mayor calidad al momento de prevenir el desarrollo de conductas externalizantes.
Abstract: The presence of externalizing behaviors in childhood has significant degrees of future self-continuity and is a risk factor for school failure and drop-out, criminal behavior, substance abuse and depen dence, suicidal behaviors and other developmental psychopathological disorders. In this review, the main aspects related to parental practices strengthening programs are analyzed as useful instruments in the context of multi-component preventive work strategies. The evidence has shown that interven tion aimed at mothers and fathers is crucial in the modification of behavioral problems in children, where training in parental skills is one of the most studied strategies and considered of higher quality when preventing the development of externalizing behaviors.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child Behavior Disorders/prevention & control , Parenting/psychology , Education, Nonprofessional/methods , Parent-Child Relations , Child Behavior Disorders/etiology , Child Behavior Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la relación entre las dinámicas familiares, las conductas externalizantes y la autoestima en 158 diadas de padres cuyos hijos tienen entre 8 y 12 años de edad, pertenecientes a dos colegios, uno público y uno privado, de la ciudad de Bogotá. El tipo de estudio es de carácter descriptivo-correlacional, cuantitativo y de diseño transversal. Se utilizó como medición el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Estilos Educativos de Padres (CEEP), la Lista de Chequeo de la Conducta Infantil (CBCL), formato de padres y la Escala de Autoconcepto de Piers-Harris. Se encontró que en el grupo de participantes del colegio público se presenta una correlación negativa entre el ocio compartido y la conducta externalizante, así como entre la conducta externalizante y la autoestima. Finalmente, se encontró que tanto en los participantes del colegio público como privado se presenta una correlación positiva entre los conflictos familiares y la conducta externalizante.
Abstract The objective of this study is to identify the relation between family dynamics, externalizing behaviors and self-esteem in 158 dyads of parents whose children are between 8 and 12 years old, and who belong to a public and other private school in the Bogota city. In order to get this objective, the type of study is descriptive-correlational, quantitative and design cross-sectional. The Parent Educational Styles Assessment Questionnaire (CEEP), the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), the parent format, and the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale were used as a measure. It found that in the group of participants of the public school there is a negative correlation between shared leisure and externalizing behavior. and between externalizing behavior and self-esteem. Finally, it found that both in public and private school participants, there is a positive correlation between familiar conflicts and externalizing behavior.
Subject(s)
Self Concept , Child Behavior , Family Relations , Parents , Schools , Behavior , Family , Character , Child, Preschool , Educational Status , Leisure ActivitiesABSTRACT
El Inventario de Conductas Infantiles 1.5-5 años (CBCL/1.5-5 por su acrónimo en inglés) y el informe del cuidador/educador (C-TRF por su acrónimo en inglés), son de los instrumentos más ampliamente reconocidos internacionalmente para evaluar conductas desadaptativas que pueden afectan el desarrollo presente y futuro de niños y niñas preescolares. Se evaluó el comportamiento psicométrico de ambos instrumentos en una muestra diversa socioeconómicamente de 550 preescolares chilenos. En general, ambos mostraron un comportamiento psicométrico análogo al obtenido con estudios en otras sociedades. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron un ajuste adecuado del modelo bifactorial original. Sin embargo, en el CBCL/1.5-5 los puntajes obtenidos son más altos que en la mayoría de los países y, comparativamente, en ambos instrumentos, se observó un mayor efecto de género. Se analizan los hallazgos obtenidos, y se dan sugerencias normativas y conceptuales para el empleo de ambos instrumentos en niños y niñas preescolares en nuestro país.
The child Behavior checklist/1.5-5 and the caregiver/teacher report Form are one of the most widely internationally recognized instruments to evaluate desadaptative behaviors which may affect the current and future development of preschool children. The psychometric behavior of both instruments was evaluated in a socioeconomically diverse sample of 550 chilean preschool children. In general, it was observed an analog behavior of both compared to the one obtained with studies in other societies. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a suitable adjustment of the original bifactor model. However, in the CBCL, the scores obtained are higher than in most of the countries and, comparatively, in both instruments, a greater effect of gender was observed. The findings obtained are analyzed and, normative and conceptual suggestions are given for the use of both instruments in preschool children in our country.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Personality Inventory , Checklist , Child Behavior/psychology , Chile , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Internal-External Control , PsychometricsABSTRACT
Se determinaron las afectaciones psicológicas de 284 niños y adolescentes expuestos al conflicto armado en una zona rural colombiana, seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio por afijación proporcional. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: la Lista de chequeo de comportamiento infantil, el Auto-reporte de comportamientos de jóvenes, la Lista de síntomas postraumáticos, la Escala de estrategias de afrontamiento para adolescentes y la Escala de resiliencia para escolares. El 72% de la población presentó afectaciones psicológicas: el 64.4%, conductas internalizadas, el 47%, conductas externalizadas en rango clínico. El 32%, problemas somáticos; el 56%, se encontraba en riesgo de estrés postraumático, y el 93% consumía alcohol en grado moderado. La estrategia de afrontamiento más utilizada era dejar que las cosas se arreglaran solas. Se encontró una alta necesidad de atención en salud. Ser hombre constituyó un factor de riesgo de depresión, agresión y problemas sociales en los niños. A su vez, tener hasta doce años y estar cursando un grado escolar bajo, lo fue para los síntomas somáticos en adolescentes. Los resultados evidenciaron la afectación en la salud mental de los participantes.
Psychological effects were determined in 284 children and adolescents exposed to armed conflict in a rural area of Colombia, selected through random sampling proportional allocation. The instruments applied were: The Child Behavior Checklist, the Youth Behavior Self-report, the Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children, the Coping Scale for Adolescents and the Resilience Scale for School Children. Findings showed that 72% of the population suffers from psychological problems, 64.4 from internalizing behavior and 47% from externalizing behavior within clinical range. It was also found that 32% had somatic problems, 56% were at risk for PTSD and 93% had moderate alcohol consumption. The most frequently used coping strategy was to leave things get fixed by themselves. There was a high need for health care. Being male constituted a risk factor for depression, aggression and social problems in children. In turn, being up to12 years old and a student of a lower grade were risk factors for somatic symptoms in adolescents. Results clearly revealed the impact on mental health of the population under study.
Determinaram-se as afetações psicológicas de 284 crianças e adolescentes expostos ao conflito armado em uma zona rural colombiana, selecionados mediante uma amostragem aleatória. Os instrumentos aplicados foram: a Lista de checagem de comportamento infantil, a autoavaliação de comportamentos de jovens, a Lista de sintomas pós-traumáticos, a Escala de estratégias de enfrentamento para adolescentes e a Escala de resiliência para escolares. 72% da população apresentou afetações psicológicas: 64.4%, condutas internalizadas, 47%, condutas externalizadas. 32%, problemas somáticos; 56%, se encontrava em risco de estresse pós-traumático, e 93% consumia álcool de forma moderada. A estratégia de enfretamento mais utilizada era deixar que as coisas se resolvessem sozinhas. Foi encontrada uma alta necessidade de atenção em saúde. Ser homem constituiu um fator de risco de depressão, agressão e problemas sociais. Ao mesmo tempo que ter até doze anos e estar cursando uma série escolar baixa, foi para os sintomas somáticos em adolescentes. Os resultados evidenciaram a afetação da saúde mental dos participantes.